Introduction to Security Guard Roles and Responsibilities
Here at Titan Security Europe, we keep an eye on the ‘people always ask’ section of the search results pages to see if we can use our extensive experience and expertise to answer some of the questions being asked (and perhaps even attract some extra visitors to find out what we are about).
In this case, we have chosen to focus on the roles, responsibilities, and techniques of security guards. Here we have compiled answers to some of the most popular questions. Our thoughts and experiences form the basis of a detailed record of what it takes to be a successful security guard.
Make no mistake, many areas of security guard work require highly trained and sophisticated personnel to carry out the multi-faceted role effectively. Modern security guards are more about strength of character than strength of muscle!
So let’s get straight to it and find out just what it takes to become a top-notch security guard.
What do security guards do during off-peak hours when they are not actively protecting people?
There is a misconception that during off-peak hours a security guard might read a book, watch TV or even catch up on some sleep, Nothing could be further from the truth. During off-peak hours, a security guard is there to provide constant safety and security, remaining alert and ensuring that the area they are responsible for is protected even when there are no people around.
Security guards have a variety of responsibilities that keep them busy, including:
Patrols: Conducting regular patrols of the premises and surrounding area to ensure that there are no security breaches or suspicious individuals near the premises.
Monitoring: They may also be responsible for monitoring surveillance cameras, alarms, and other security systems to detect any unusual activity.
Light Maintenance: Security personnel may be required to perform maintenance tasks such as checking locks, securing windows, and ensuring that all security equipment is in working order.
Reporting: They are often required to maintain and update detailed logs of their activities and any incidents that occur during their shift.
Emergency response: In the event of an emergency, security guards are trained to respond appropriately. This might include securing premises, contacting and liaising with the relevant authorities, and providing immediate assistance to any individuals in need of it.
What are some other tasks security guards are responsible for?
Security guards have a range of responsibilities beyond monitoring and responding to incidents. While their specific duties can vary depending on the location and nature of their assignment, these are just some of the additional tasks that security guards may be responsible for:
Designated Keyholder: In many circumstances, the security guard must hold a full set of keys to the premises. In residential security, the guard may issue keys to residents as part of their foyer duties. In commercial situations, there are a variety of safety and security reasons why the security guard should be the trusted keyholder retaining the ability to access all areas of the building.
Access control: Security officers often control access to the premises by checking identification, verifying credentials, and ensuring that only authorised individuals have access.
Customer service: In many settings, security guards also serve as customer service representatives. They may provide information to visitors, problem-solve, assist with directions, or answer general enquiries. The concierge security guard hybrid role is a typical example of a specialist security role that encompasses customer advice and assistance.
Crowd management: Security guards are often deployed in venues or events where there is a large gathering of people. In such cases, they may be responsible for crowd management, deterring rowdy behaviour, and responding to incidents or emergencies that occur within the crowd.
Fire Marshalling and Safety Inspections: Security guards may conduct regular safety inspections of premises, checking for potential safety risks such as fire hazards, blocked exits, or generally unsafe conditions. They may receive training that allows them to assume the role of designated fire marshal whilst on duty. They will also enforce general safety procedures and regulations.
Alarm response: In addition to security breaches, security guards are responsible for responding to various types of alarms, such as fire alarms, panic alarms, medical emergencies, or equipment malfunctions.
Loss prevention: In retail or commercial settings, security guards often focus on preventing employee theft, monitoring for shoplifting, conducting bag checks, and enforcing company policies related to loss prevention.
Evacuation management: In the event of a threat or emergency that requires emergency evacuation, the security guard often becomes the key figure for ensuring that evacuations are swift, orderly and well-managed
These are just a few examples of the additional duties that security guards may be involved with. The specific duties and responsibilities will depend on the organisation, industry, and location where they are employed.
What kind of training or qualifications do security guards need?
The training and qualifications required for security guards can vary depending on the location, the type of security work involved, and the specific requirements of the client business.
Here are some of the most common training and qualifications that security guards need to cover most circumstances:
Licencing: Most countries and even local authorities within them require security guards to obtain a licence or certification to work in the field. The licencing process usually involves completing specific training programmes, passing background checks, and meeting strict eligibility criteria.
Basic Security Training: Security guards always undergo basic training programmes that cover essential topics such as emergency response procedures, legal and ethical considerations, report writing, patrolling techniques, and communication skills. These training programmes are usually provided by private security contractors, local authorities, security training schemes, or the relevant regulatory bodies.
First Aid and CPR Certification: Most security guards will be required to have valid certification in first aid and even cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Standard certification requires that they are trained to provide immediate medical assistance in case of emergencies. This training is refreshed regularly.
Specialised Training: Depending on the nature of the security assignment, additional specialised training may be needed. For example, security guards working in healthcare facilities may need training in dealing with hazardous materials. Security guards in industrial settings may require training on safety relating to specialist equipment and close protection specialists may need advanced driving, risk assessment and emergency response training.
Legal and Regulatory Knowledge: Security guards need to have a fundamental understanding of relevant laws, regulations, and codes of conduct affecting their work. This includes knowledge of privacy laws, use of force regulations, and both occupational health and fire safety regulations
Physical Fitness and Self-Defence: Some security positions may require a certain level of physical fitness and competency in self-defence techniques. This ensures that security guards are capable of handling physically demanding situations and protecting themselves and others when necessary.
Are there any specific laws or regulations that security guards should know about?
Yes, security guards should always understand the laws and regulations affecting their work. These can vary depending on the location and the nature of the security placement.
Here are some common areas that security guards should be aware of:
Private Security Regulations: Many countries and even their cities and sub-districts have specific regulations and licencing requirements for private security personnel. They should be familiar with and comply with these regulations.
Criminal Law: Security guards should have a basic understanding of criminal law as it applies to their work. This includes knowledge of offences like theft, trespassing, assault, and vandalism. They should understand these crimes and the appropriate actions to take if they intervene, witness, or record them.
Use of Force and Self-Defence: Security guards should be familiar with the laws and regulations governing the use of force. They should know the permissible level of force in self-defence or when protecting others, as well as the circumstances under which force should be used and how to appropriately document any use of force incidents.
Privacy Laws: Security guards may come across sensitive or confidential information during their work, such as personal identification details or surveillance footage. They should be aware of privacy laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, storage, and disclosure of such information.
Employment and Labour Laws: A basic understanding of employment and labour laws, including regulations related to working hours, breaks, wages, and discrimination. This knowledge ensures that they are aware of their own rights as employees as well as be equipped to deal with issues that may arise in their assigned workplace.
Emergency Response and Evacuation Procedures: Security guards should be familiar with emergency response protocols and evacuation procedures specific to their assigned location. This includes knowledge of fire safety regulations, evacuation routes, and communication procedures during emergencies.
What are the main laws and regulations regarding the use of force?
This can vary depending on the location, but the overarching responsibility is to put safety at the forefront. Security guards need to understand and adhere to the specific laws and regulations of the area where they are employed. They should also understand that force is the very last resort when dealing with a crisis.
These are some general considerations related to the use of force:
Use of Reasonable Force: In most jurisdictions, security guards are allowed to use reasonable force when necessary to protect themselves, others, or property from harm. “Reasonable force” typically refers to the level of force that a prudent and cautious person would consider necessary in a given situation.
Proportionate Response: Security guards should use a proportional response when using force. This means that the level of force used should be directly related to the severity of the threat faced. Unnecessary or excessive force can lead to prosecution and legal liability.
Self-Defence: Security guards may use force if they reasonably believe they are in imminent danger of harm or death. However, the force used must be proportionate to the perceived threat.
Protection of People and Property: Security guards may use force to protect others or property under their care if they have a reasonable belief that it is necessary to prevent harm or damage. Again, the level of force used should be proportionate to the situation.
Reporting and Documentation: Whenever force is used, security guards should document the incident thoroughly, including the circumstances leading to the use of force, the actions taken, and any injuries sustained. This documentation is important for legal purposes and to demonstrate that the use of force was justified.
De-escalation and Alternative Measures: Security guards should prioritise de-escalation techniques and non-violent means of resolving conflicts whenever possible. They should be trained in conflict resolution, effective communication, and techniques to defuse tense situations.
Security guards must receive proper training on the use of force, including understanding the applicable laws and regulations. Employers should provide clear guidelines and policies regarding using force to protect the security guard and the individuals involved in any incident.
What are some common de-escalation techniques that security guards can use?
De-escalation techniques are part of any security guard training programme. Often using role-play, they learn to defuse tense situations and minimise the need for the use of force.
Here are some common de-escalation techniques that security guards are taught:
Active Listening: Actively listening to the concerns and grievances of individuals involved in a situation helps them feel that they are being allowed to present their point of view. By offering empathy and understanding, guards can help reduce heightened emotions and establish a rapport.
Remain Calm and Composed: Security guards should maintain a calm, composed, yet firm demeanour in challenging situations. This can help to calm the emotions of others and create a sense of stability where the guard is perceived to be in control.
Non-Threatening Body Language: Security guards should adopt a non-threatening posture and body language. This includes maintaining an open stance, avoiding aggressive gestures like pointing, and keeping a distance that respects personal boundaries.
Effective Communication: Using clear and concise communication is essential. Security guards should speak calmly and respectfully, using non-confrontational language. They should avoid confrontational or inflammatory statements that can further escalate the situation.
Respect Personal Space: Respecting personal space can help individuals feel more comfortable and less threatened. Security guards should be mindful of maintaining an appropriate distance while still being able to monitor the situation effectively.
Problem-Solving Approach: Security guards can work with individuals to find mutually agreeable solutions to conflicts or issues. By focusing on problem-solving rather than confrontation, they can help de-escalate tense situations
Offer Options and Choices: Providing individuals with options and choices can help them feel more in control and reduce feelings of frustration. By offering alternatives, security guards can look for common ground to build on.
Calling for Backup or Mediation: If a situation is escalating rapidly and attempts to de-escalate are not working, they should not hesitate to call for backup or involve a supervisor
So what have we found out?
- The modern security guard needs brain power, strength of character and physical fitness
- The security guard role has become, increasingly complex, requiring a wide-ranging skill set
- Training shouldn’t be a box-ticking exercise but a commitment to high-quality, safe and effective service provision
- The strict regulation that has been introduced over the last decade or two is a good thing
- These frontline operators not only represent their direct employers, they also represent the end clients and businesses they are assigned to
- De-escalation is the number one priority. The use of force is the last resort. The industry does not need people prone to aggression and loss of temper
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